Build it yourself - Header

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Since your site will be viewed on different devices, it's time to create a page navigation that can respond to multiple screen sizes!

準備好……

Create a Header for your site that contains the Navigation component
Make the Navigation component responsive

Try it yourself - Build a new Header component

Create a new Header component. Import and use your existing Navigation.astro component inside a <nav> element which is inside a <header> element.
Show me the code!

Create a file named Header.astro in src/components/
```
---
import Navigation from './Navigation.astro';
---
<header>
  <nav>
    <Navigation />
  </nav>
</header>
```

Try it yourself - Update your pages

On each page, replace your existing <Navigation/> component with your new header.

Show me the code!

---
import Navigation from '../components/Navigation.astro';
import Header from '../components/Header.astro';
import Footer from '../components/Footer.astro';
import '../styles/global.css';
const pageTitle = "Home Page";
---
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <meta name="generator" content={Astro.generator} />
    <title>{pageTitle}</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <Navigation />
    <Header />
    <h1>{pageTitle}</h1>
    <Footer />
  </body>
</html>

Check your browser preview and verify that your header is displayed on every page. It won't look different yet, but if you inspect your preview using dev tools, you will see that you now have elements like <header> and <nav> around your navigation links.

Add responsive styles

Update Navigation.astro with the CSS class to control your navigation links. Wrap the existing navigation links in a <div> with the class nav-links and the id attribute set to main-menu.
```
---
---
<div id="main-menu" class="nav-links">
  <a href="/">Home</a>
  <a href="/about/">About</a>
  <a href="/blog/">Blog</a>
</div>
```

Copy the CSS styles below into global.css. These styles:

Style and position the navigation links for mobile
Use a @media query to define different styles for larger screen sizes

:::tip[Mobile-first design]Start by defining what should happen on small screen sizes first! Smaller screen sizes require simpler layouts. Then, adjust your styles to accommodate larger devices. If you design the complicated case first, then you have to work to try to make it simple again.:::

html {
  background-color: #f1f5f9;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

body {
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 80ch;
  padding: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

h1 {
  margin: 1rem 0;
  font-size: 2.5rem;
}

/* nav styles */

.nav-links {
  width: 100%;
  display: none;
  margin: 0;
}

.nav-links a {
  display: block;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 0;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #0d0950;
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a:focus {
  background-color: #ff9776;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 636px) {
  .nav-links {
    margin-left: 5em;
    display: block;
    position: static;
    width: auto;
    background: none;
  }

  .nav-links a {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 15px 20px;
  }
}

Resize your window and look for different styles being applied at different screen widths. Your header is now responsive to screen size through the use of @media queries.

Checklist

I can use CSS to add responsive elements to my site.

Resources

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